The Best Study Techniques Ranked by Science

Education researchers have spent decades studying how students learn and which revision techniques deliver the best results. The findings are clear: not all study methods are created equal. Some popular habits offer low returns, while others consistently lead to higher test scores and better retention.

At the top of the scientific rankings are Practice Testing and Distributed Practice. Practice testing involves testing yourself on the material (using flashcards or past exams), while distributed practice means spreading your study sessions over time. These two techniques consistently rank highest for utility.

In the middle tier are techniques like Elaborative Interrogation and Self-Explanation. Elaborative interrogation involves asking yourself 'why' a fact is true, rather than just memorizing it. Self-explanation is explaining the steps of a problem to yourself. These methods are excellent for deepening your understanding of complex subjects.

At the bottom of the rankings are highlighting, re-reading, and summarizing. While these habits are very common, research shows they provide low utility. They can create a false sense of familiarity with the material without actually helping you retrieve and apply it during an exam.

To maximize your study efficiency, build your routine around the top-ranked methods. Use practice tests to identify gaps in your knowledge, and schedule regular, short review sessions rather than one long study block. This approach makes your study time much more productive.

Use our free Study Planner to schedule your distributed practice sessions and set aside dedicated time for practice tests. Spreading out your study time and testing yourself regularly is the most effective way to improve your grades.